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Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

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Jun 1980

Volume 67, Issue 6, pp. 1865-2139

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On the nature of twoā€tone aural nonlinearity

Larry E. Humes

J. Acoust. Soc. Am. Volume 67, Issue 6, pp. 2073-2083 (1980); (11 pages) | Cited 2 times

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The present manuscript begins with a review of the literature on twoā€tone nonlinearity and proceeds to the description of an ad hoc model of auditory nonlinearity which can account for several of the features of the psychophysical data on various twoā€tone nonlinearities, in particular, (f2āˆ’f1), (2f1āˆ’f2), and twoā€tone suppression. The two basic components of the model are (1) a nonlinearity which is a series combination of the classical powerā€series and compressive pā€law nonlinearities and (2) an intensityā€dependent (nonlinear) filtering scheme. The conceptual model proposed here not only describes the psychophysical data accurately, but also offers possible explanations for some of the apparent discrepancies between psychophysical and physiological data on twoā€tone nonlinearities.
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43.66.Ki Subjective tones
43.66.Ba Models and theories of auditory processes

Importance of the swimbladder in acoustic scattering by fish: A comparison of gadoid and mackerel target strengths

Kenneth G. Foote

J. Acoust. Soc. Am. Volume 67, Issue 6, pp. 2084-2089 (1980); (6 pages) | Cited 15 times

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Previous determinations of the swimbladder contribution to the fish backscattering cross section have been hindered by ignorance of the acoustic boundary conditions at the swimbladder wall. The present study circumvents this problem by direct comparison of target strengths of three gadoid species and mackerel ā€” anatomically comparable fusiform fish which respectively possess and lack a swimbladder. The relative swimbladder contribution to both maximum and averaged dorsal aspect backscattering cross sections is shown to be approximately 90% to 95%, which is higher than most other estimates. The new results were established for fish of 29ā€ to 42ā€cm length and acoustic frequencies of 38 and 120 kHz.
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43.80.Jz Use of acoustic energy (with or without other forms) in studies of structure and function of biological systems
43.30.Dr Hybrid and asymptotic propagation theories, related experiments
43.30.Gv Backscattering, echoes, and reverberation in water due to combinations of boundaries

Acoustic entrainment to randomly generated calls by the frog, Hyla crucifer

R. E. Lemon and J. Struger

J. Acoust. Soc. Am. Volume 67, Issue 6, pp. 2090-2095 (1980); (6 pages) | Cited 1 time

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A series of 30 randomly timed calls was played to freeā€living spring peepers (Hyla crucifer) calling at their breeding pond. The effect of each random call (RC) in the timing of the immediately following call of the frog was ascertained. The results showed that precise entrainment by delayed response or alternation occurs when the RCā€™s are placed after the refractory periods of the preceding calls of the frogs. However the frogs are sensitive also to RCā€™s heard in the refractory period. In such cases they advance the next call to an extent dependent on the position of the RC in the refractory period. The results are interpreted in relation to signal interactions of other animals and to models of pacemaker oscillators.
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43.80.Lb Sound reception by animals: anatomy, physiology, auditory capacities, processing
43.66.Gf Detection and discrimination of sound by animals

Autonomic system activity and performance on a psychomotor task in noise

Karl D. Kryter and Fausto Poza

J. Acoust. Soc. Am. Volume 67, Issue 6, pp. 2096-2098 (1980); (3 pages)

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Subjects were exposed to alternate conditions of quiet and noise (computer line printer noise at 100 dB, Aā€weighted) while performing a demanding, rapidly paced, psychomotor task. Heart rate, peripheral pulse amplitude, and peripheral blood volume were monitored throughout four 8ā€min test sessions. There appeared to be no increase in physiological stress or in errors in task performance during the noise as compared to the quiet test segments. An attempt is made to explain possible causes of differences between the results obtained in this study and those reported for a earlier, somewhat similar, study by Cohen et al. [ā€™ā€™Noise Effects, Arousal, and Human Information Processing Task Difficulty and Performance,ā€™ā€™ Department of Psychology and Industrial Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC (1973)].
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43.50.Qp Effects of noise on man and society
43.80.Gx Mechanisms of action of acoustic energy on biological systems: physical processes, sites of action

An ultrasonic pulseā€echo system that makes use of interaural localization

Mitsuhiro Ueda and Koji Uda

J. Acoust. Soc. Am. Volume 67, Issue 6, pp. 2099-2101 (1980); (3 pages)

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A new type of ultrasonic pulseā€echo method that makes use of interaural localization is described in this Letter. The basic idea of this method is to receive pulse echoes reflected from an object with two receiving transducers and to hear the echo signals stereophonically after they are converted to audible frequencies. The principles of the system and some results of preliminary experiments that make use of an ultrasonic pulse of 500 kHz are presented.
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43.60.Gk Space-time signal processing, other than matched field processing
43.35.Yb Ultrasonic instrumentation and measurement techniques
43.66.Pn Binaural hearing

Spectra of filtered click stimuli used to evoke acoustic brainstem responses

D. C. Teas and S. J. Kramer

J. Acoust. Soc. Am. Volume 67, Issue 6, pp. 2102-2103 (1980); (2 pages)

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Reā€determination of the spectra for filtered click stimuli used by Klein and Teas [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 63, 1887ā€“1895 (1978)] and by Kramer and Teas [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 66, 446ā€“455 (1979)] with improved instrumentation showed minor differences from the previously published data. The differences are discussed briefly.
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43.64.Ri Evoked responses to sounds
43.64.Yp Instruments and methods

Contralateral cueing effects in forward masking

Richard E. Pastore and Jon S. Freda

J. Acoust. Soc. Am. Volume 67, Issue 6, pp. 2104-2105 (1980); (2 pages) | Cited 1 time

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Previous research has shown that monaural simultaneous masking is reduced by contralateral cues which are identical in frequency (and phase locked) to the signal, while backward masking is reduced by cues which provide precise timing information about the signal. This letter summarizes a series of experiments which investigated contralateral cueing effects in forward masking. No cues were found to be effective in reducing forward masking; not even cues effective in reducing backward or simultaneous masking for the same practiced subjects
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43.66.Mk Temporal and sequential aspects of hearing; auditory grouping in relation to music
43.66.Dc Masking
43.66.Pn Binaural hearing

Schlieren optical filtering for soundā€intensity measurements

L. Carpenedo, P. Ciuti, and G. Iernetti

J. Acoust. Soc. Am. Volume 67, Issue 6, pp. 2106-2107 (1980); (2 pages)

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A method of filtering the light diffracted by an ultrasonic beam is presented. It allows sound field intensity measurements, in an extended range, from the optical density of the Schlieren photographs.
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43.58.Dj Sound velocity
43.35.Sx Acoustooptical effects, optoacoustics, acoustical visualization, acoustical microscopy, and acoustical holography

Measured noise levels for a laboratory fiber interferometric hydrophone

J. H. Cole and J. A. Bucaro

J. Acoust. Soc. Am. Volume 67, Issue 6, pp. 2108-2109 (1980); (2 pages)

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Measurements of mininum detectable pressures for a laboratory fiber optic acoustic sensor have been made in the frequency range below 1 kHz. Near shot noise limited performance was observed.
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43.58.Fm Sound level meters, level recorders, sound pressure, particle velocity, and sound intensity measurements, meters, and controllers
43.38.Ar Transducing principles, materials, and structures: general
43.35.Sx Acoustooptical effects, optoacoustics, acoustical visualization, acoustical microscopy, and acoustical holography

An example of the variability of the spectrum of surfaceā€reflection loss for signals from underwater explosives

A. Konan

J. Acoust. Soc. Am. Volume 67, Issue 6, pp. 2110-2112 (1980); (3 pages)

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Abstract Unavailable
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43.30.Dr Hybrid and asymptotic propagation theories, related experiments
43.30.Bp Normal mode propagation of sound in water

The sound system of Spaka

Randy L. Diehl and Katherine F. Kolodzey

J. Acoust. Soc. Am. Volume 67, Issue 6, pp. 2112-2114 (1980); (3 pages)

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Abstract Unavailable
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43.70.Fq Acoustical correlates of phonetic segments and suprasegmental properties: stress, timing, and intonation

Active acoustic absorbers for lowā€frequency hum

J. Acoust. Soc. Am. Volume 67, Issue 6, pp. 2114-2114 (1980); (1 page) | Cited 1 time

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Abstract Unavailable
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43.50.Gf Noise control at source: redesign, application of absorptive materials and reactive elements, mufflers, noise silencers, noise barriers, and attenuators, etc.
43.55.Dt Sound absorption in enclosures: theory and measurement; use of absorption in offices, commercial and domestic spaces

Stable vibrations

J. Acoust. Soc. Am. Volume 67, Issue 6, pp. 2114-2114 (1980); (1 page)

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Abstract Unavailable
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43.80.Lb Sound reception by animals: anatomy, physiology, auditory capacities, processing

Lowā€noise spectrophone

J. Acoust. Soc. Am. Volume 67, Issue 6, pp. 2114-2115 (1980); (2 pages)

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Abstract Unavailable
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43.60.Qv Signal processing instrumentation, integrated systems, smart transducers, devices and architectures, displays and interfaces for acoustic systems

Twentyā€Five Year Awards made

Betty H. Goodfriend

J. Acoust. Soc. Am. Volume 67, Issue 6, pp. 2120-2120 (1980); (1 page)

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Abstract Unavailable
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43.05.Pc Prizes, medals, and other awards
43.05.Ky Members and membership lists, personal notes, fellows

Bartram, James F., Succeeds William A. Von Winkle as Associate Editor of the Journal

R. Bruce Lindsay

J. Acoust. Soc. Am. Volume 67, Issue 6, pp. 2120-2120 (1980); (1 page)

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Abstract Unavailable
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43.05.Ky Members and membership lists, personal notes, fellows

New officers of the Society for 1980ā€“1981

Betty H. Goodfriend

J. Acoust. Soc. Am. Volume 67, Issue 6, pp. 2120-2120 (1980); (1 page)

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Abstract Unavailable
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43.05.Ky Members and membership lists, personal notes, fellows

Ingard elected to National Academy of Engineering

J. Acoust. Soc. Am. Volume 67, Issue 6, pp. 2120-2120 (1980); (1 page)

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Abstract Unavailable
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43.05.Ky Members and membership lists, personal notes, fellows
43.10.Ce Conferences, lectures, and announcements (not of the Acoustical Society of America)

Longā€time NRL employees retire

J. Acoust. Soc. Am. Volume 67, Issue 6, pp. 2120-2121 (1980); (2 pages)

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Abstract Unavailable
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43.05.Ky Members and membership lists, personal notes, fellows
43.10.Ce Conferences, lectures, and announcements (not of the Acoustical Society of America)

Spiess, Fred, to head California Institute of Marine Resources

J. Acoust. Soc. Am. Volume 67, Issue 6, pp. 2121-2121 (1980); (1 page)

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Abstract Unavailable
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43.05.Ky Members and membership lists, personal notes, fellows
43.10.Ce Conferences, lectures, and announcements (not of the Acoustical Society of America)

Hutchins, Carleen, to speak at New Hampshire program on violin craftsmanship

J. Acoust. Soc. Am. Volume 67, Issue 6, pp. 2121-2121 (1980); (1 page)

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Abstract Unavailable
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43.05.Ky Members and membership lists, personal notes, fellows
43.10.Ce Conferences, lectures, and announcements (not of the Acoustical Society of America)

INCE elects officers and new directors

J. Acoust. Soc. Am. Volume 67, Issue 6, pp. 2121-2121 (1980); (1 page)

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Abstract Unavailable
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43.10.Ce Conferences, lectures, and announcements (not of the Acoustical Society of America)

Instructions for sponsors recommending Members for advancement to fellowship in the Acoustical Society of America

J. Acoust. Soc. Am. Volume 67, Issue 6, pp. 2121-2122 (1980); (2 pages)

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Abstract Unavailable
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43.05.Ky Members and membership lists, personal notes, fellows

Penn State offers short course in underwater acoustics

J. Acoust. Soc. Am. Volume 67, Issue 6, pp. 2122-2122 (1980); (1 page)

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Abstract Unavailable
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43.10.Ce Conferences, lectures, and announcements (not of the Acoustical Society of America)

Northwestern opens model rehabilitation clinic for adults

J. Acoust. Soc. Am. Volume 67, Issue 6, pp. 2122-2122 (1980); (1 page)

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Abstract Unavailable
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43.10.Ce Conferences, lectures, and announcements (not of the Acoustical Society of America)
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