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Nov 1979

Volume 66, Issue S1, pp. S1-S89

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back to top Session Q. Physiological Acoustics II: Central Auditory System
Contributed Papers
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The influence of own‐phonation on parts of the central auditory pathway in the squirrel monkey (A)

P. Müller‐Preuss

J. Acoust. Soc. Am. Volume 66, Issue S1, pp. S33-S33 (1979); (1 page)

Online Publication Date: 11 Aug 2005

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The reactivity of the auditory cortex and the auditory midbrain to self‐produced and loudspeaker‐transmitted calls were investigated in order to study the relationships between brain structures which are involved in the production of vocalizations and brain structures which take part in auditory processing. Responses of single cells were extracellularity recorded during stimulation with self‐produced vocalizations (elicited mainly through electrical brain stimulation or uttered partially spontaneously), tape‐recorded playback of those self‐produced vocalizations and other species‐specific vocalizations. Over 50% of the cortical cells which respond to loudspeaker transmitted calls, gave no response to self‐produced vocalizations or a significantly weaker one. In contrast, most of the midbrain cells tested show no difference in their reactions to self‐produced and loudspeaker transmitted calls. The response patterns of units which respond to self‐produced cells do not differentiate between self‐produced and playback vocalizations. It is concluded that brain structures which are activated through phonation can have an inhibitory influence on central auditory structures and that this influence takes place at a higher level than the auditory midbrain.
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Discrimination of brief tones by humans with temporal lobe damage (A)

J. L. Cranford and R. W. Stream

J. Acoust. Soc. Am. Volume 66, Issue S1, pp. S33-S33 (1979); (1 page)

Online Publication Date: 11 Aug 2005

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A number of recent Russian investigations [A. V. Baru and T. A. Karaseva, The Brain and Hearing, Consultants Bureau, New York, (1972)] reported that dogs and humans with large auditory cortex lesions, exhibit significant increases in both their absolute detection thresholds as well as their frequency difference limens for tonal signals which are shorter than 16 ms in duration. In contrast, more recent studies [J. L. Cranford, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 65, 1573–1575 (1979)] with cats suggest that the cortex, rather than being essential for detecting the simple presence of brief tones, may be more important for discriminating qualitative differences in such sounds. While having normal absolute detection thresholds for brief tone pulses, cats with auditory cortex lesions, in comparison to unoperated controls, do exhibit elevated frequency difference limens. In order to investigate the inter‐species generality of these new animal findings, we recently presented the same series of brief tone tests to two human patients with temporal lobe lesions (one left‐sided CVA, and one right‐sided glioblastoma case). The results with the two patients are remarkably similar to those obtained with cats. Both patients exhibited normal absolute detection thresholds for brief tones in combination with significantly elevated frequency difference limens. [Work supported by Deafness Research Foundation and NINCDS.]
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Spectral basis of human frequency‐following response to the “missing fundamental” (A)

Steven Greenberg and James T. Marsh

J. Acoust. Soc. Am. Volume 66, Issue S1, pp. S33-S33 (1979); (1 page)

Online Publication Date: 11 Aug 2005

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Psychophysical studies of the “dominance” and “existence” regions of the “residue” underscore the importance of peripheral frequency analysis in the perception of pitch. However, the means by which the peripheral analysis of individual frequency components is transformed into a unitary percept dominated by the pitch of the residue, remains obscure. Farfield, vertex‐derived. frequency‐following responses (FFR), representing the integrated synchronized activity of phase‐sensitive neurons most likely situated in the inferior colliculus, were recorded during presentation of multicomponent (n = 2, 3, 4), harmonically related tone bursts. The frequency spectrum and waveform periodicity of FFR to low‐order harmonics (harmonic ranks 3–5) are clearly dominated by a frequency corresponding to the “missing fundamental”. The amount of energy in this frequency band diminishes considerably with increasing harmonic rank, becoming negligible for harmonics above the thirteenth. The existence of a parallel between psychophysical and FFR measures of pitch strength raises the possibility that in the brainstem auditory pathway, the “transmission code” for residue pitch is based on neural periodicity.
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Dorsal cochlear nucleus (DCN) and its contributions to the brain stem electric response (BSER) (A)

Jack Markuszka and Allen F. Ryan

J. Acoust. Soc. Am. Volume 66, Issue S1, pp. S33-S34 (1979); (2 pages)

Online Publication Date: 11 Aug 2005

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This report focuses on the contributions of the DCN to the BSER as part of a larger study of the origins and clinical applications of the BSER. Since their initial description, the successive waves of the BSER were thought to be related to the successive nuclei of the brain stem auditory pathway. Although a strict correspondence appears not to be the case, the exact nature of the physiology and underlying anatomy of the BSER is very much in doubt. Restricted lesions of the cochlear nucleus were utilized to explore the role of various elements within the nucleus in the generation of the BSER, as well as to assess the sensitivity of the BSER to restricted lesions of the central auditory pathway. DCN was selected as the first independent variable because it is easily accessible for aspiration lesions. The results suggest that (1) an overall reduction of the BSER occurs as a result of general trauma; (2) waves I, II, and V are not otherwise affected by destruction of DCN; (3) waves III and IV are altered after DCN lesions. The nature of the changes, their clinical implications, and future directions of our research will be discussed. [Supported by the Research Service of the Veterans Administration.]
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Acoustic stapedial reflex latency versus BERA wave V latency in the detection of eighth nerve lesions (A)

C. N. Sarno and J. D. Clemis

J. Acoust. Soc. Am. Volume 66, Issue S1, pp. S34-S34 (1979); (1 page)

Online Publication Date: 11 Aug 2005

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The parameter of latency of the acoustic stapedial reflex was used to test the hypothesis that a retrocochlear lesion involving the afferent portion of the reflex arc will result in a slowed neural conduction time. Measurements of middle‐ear muscle activity were made by use of an electro‐acoustic impedance bridge modified to permit presentation of tonal stimuli 300 ms in duration with 10‐ms rise/fall time for test frequencies of 1000 and 2000 Hz. Both contralateral and ipsilateral values were obtained for absolute reflex latency and interaural latency differences on four clinical populations which included cochlear lesions due to Meniere's disease and surgically confirmed acoustic tumor. Results reveal a dramatic prolongation of latency in the presence of retrocochlear lesions. Comparisons drawn between the acoustic reflex latency test and BERA wave V latency, obtained with tone pip stimuli, indicate that stapedial reflex latency is a more efficient method of tumor detection. [Work supported by American Hearing Research Foundation, Chicago, IL.]
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Electrical stimulation in the descending auditory system (A)

J. F. Glenn and L. C. Oatman

J. Acoust. Soc. Am. Volume 66, Issue S1, pp. S34-S34 (1979); (1 page)

Online Publication Date: 11 Aug 2005

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An investigation of the effects of electrical stimulation in the descending auditory pathways on the latency and amplitude characteristics of auditory evoked potentials was carried out in cats. Bipolar stimulating electrodes were stereotaxically placed in the crossed component of the olivocochlear bundle (COCB) and the ventral nucleus of the lateral lemniscus (VNLL). Evoked potential measurements were taken from the round window in paralyzed (Flaxedil) cats both with and without cutting the middle‐ear muscles. Auditory stimuli included both clicks and tone bursts presented over a wide range of intensity levels. Biphasic stimulation of either COCB or VNLL produced effects on auditory evoked potentials typical of efferent activation, including decrements in amplitude, shifts in latency, and increased cochlear microphonic output. These effects were greatest at lower intensities. Middle‐ear muscle activation did not contribute to these effects. The results will be discussed in relation to central control of peripheral sensory processing.
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Detection of amplitude modulated noise by parakeets (A)

R. Dooling and M. Searcy

J. Acoust. Soc. Am. Volume 66, Issue S1, pp. S34-S34 (1979); (1 page)

Online Publication Date: 11 Aug 2005

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The threshold for amplitude modulated broad‐band noise was measured in parakeets using avoidance conditioning and a modified method of limits procedure. Amplitude modulation thresholds were measured at ten frequencies between 5 and 2560 Hz. Below 40 Hz, modulation thresholds were constant at about 9% modulation depth. Above 80 Hz, the modulation threshold increased with modulation frequency at the rate of about 4 dB/octave. The 3‐dB down point of this function is at approximately 150 Hz. These results are compared with data obtained from human listeners using the same experimental apparatus. [Work supported by NIMH Grant #MH31165.]
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