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Nov 1975

Volume 58, Issue S1, pp. S2-S132

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back to top Session Q. Noise III: Land Use Planning and Environmental Impact Statements 1
Invited Papers
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Development of guidelines for environmental impact statements (A)

H. E. von Gierke

J. Acoust. Soc. Am. Volume 58, Issue S1, pp. S27-S27 (1975); (1 page)

Online Publication Date: 11 Aug 2005

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The legal requirements and general guidelines for Environmental Impact Statements (EISs) in general and for EISs with respect to noise specifically are reviewed. The approach of a CHABA working group charged with recommending guidelines for the preparation of EISs with respect to noise is reported and the technical problems encountered in this task are presented with the hope of stimulating discussion and inputs to facilitate the development of a satisfactory, generally acceptable consensus procedure.
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Review of the environmental impact process on land‐use planning (A)

Clifford R. Bragdon

J. Acoust. Soc. Am. Volume 58, Issue S1, pp. S27-S27 (1975); (1 page)

Online Publication Date: 11 Aug 2005

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Beginning in 1970, the United States enacted legislation that required assessing the potential environmental consequences of impending Federally funded projects, programs and policies. This and subsequently enacted federal, state, and municipal legislation has a profound impact on the land use planning process. Central to the theme of such environmental legislation is a concern for the preservation of land uses compatible with health and welfare objectives and the general quality of life. The acoustical quality of the human environment is becoming of paramount concern in the planing process. This paper outlines the established administrative and legal requirements pertaining to environmental impact, the application to land use planning, and the consideration of environmental noise. It is recommended that the assessment of environmental noise continue to be an integral element in identifying and solving land use planning problems. Examples of effective programs will be described.
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Quantifying the impact of a community noise environment (A)

William J. Galloway

J. Acoust. Soc. Am. Volume 58, Issue S1, pp. S27-S27 (1975); (1 page)

Online Publication Date: 11 Aug 2005

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In analyzing the relative merits of alternate noise control strategies, such as alternate highway designs, airport locations, or noise control regulations, it is desirable to have a single number quantifier of the effect on public health and welfare expected from the noise environment. This paper describes such a measure, based on the summation of populations exposed to different noise exposures, and the relationships between expected response to these exposures. Each increment of population is assigned a fractional impact depending on the magnitude of the exposure. The sum of fractional impacts is then defined as the equivalent noise impact, the fraction of the total population “100% impacted.” Residential populations are assessed in terms of relationships between annoyance and day‐night average level, while nonresidential populations are assessed in terms of relationships between speech interference and hourly equivalent sound level (EPA “Levels” document 550/9‐74‐004). Applications of the method to a highway case and to a proposed aircraft noise regulation are described.
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Effectiveness of environmental impact statements in abating noise (A)

David H. Mudarri

J. Acoust. Soc. Am. Volume 58, Issue S1, pp. S27-S28 (1975); (2 pages)

Online Publication Date: 11 Aug 2005

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Producing good Environmental Impact Statements is but a means to an end but not an end in itself. EISs reflect one event in a long chain of decisions spanning the planning, construction, and operation stages of projects having potential noise impacts. The National Environmental Policy Act reflects the need to have the environment elevated as a higher priority concern in the planning and decision process. But the requirement for EISs per se represents a tactical rather than a strategic approach to that end. As an administrative requirement, the EIS is an incentive to avoid and/or abate projects with significant environmental impact because such impacts will be subject to critical review. Also, it has served as a learning device and a context for communicating good environmental assessment and planning techniques. But ultimately, it is the appropriate consideration of environmental noise impact through good noise assessment techniques, and noise abatement devisions, that is, the criteria upon which judgments concerning its success may be made. In this context, Environmental Impact Statements have made significant contributions. However, there remain problems in methodology, particularly as they relate to forecasting future impacts, and areas of traditional neglect, such as construction noise impact and land use planning, that should be examined in some detail.
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Air installation compatible use zone (AICUZ) program (A)

Gary D. Vest

J. Acoust. Soc. Am. Volume 58, Issue S1, pp. S28-S28 (1975); (1 page)

Online Publication Date: 11 Aug 2005

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Aircraft noise, as a land‐use planning determinant, promises to be one of the major land‐use planning issues in the next few years. The increased public awareness of this problem and new Federal, state and local legislation, standards, criteria, and affirmative action programs dictate the need for substantial efforts at all levels of government and the private sector. The military approach to this problem is the Air Installation Compatible Use Zone (AICUZ) program. This paper will cover the AICUZ method of land‐use planning with regard to aircraft noise by addressing the following topics: (a) subject overview, problem identification, and program justification; (2) federal policy; (3) brief history; (4) preparing an AICUZ Plan; (5) safety considerations; (6) Noise Descriptors Systems; (7) program management; (8) other planning approaches and methodologies; (9) relationship to broad‐based environmental planning; (10) trade‐offs with source reduction and flight operational changes; (11) legislation; (12) federal programs and relationships; (13) implementation methods; (14) case study summaries; (15) problems; and (16) future directions.
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Noise abatement through band‐use planning (A)

George E. Winzer

J. Acoust. Soc. Am. Volume 58, Issue S1, pp. S28-S28 (1975); (1 page)

Online Publication Date: 11 Aug 2005

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Land‐use planning is often used as a technique for achieving a suitable auditory living environment. Land use alone, however, cannot be the sole noise abatement measure; noise control at the source combined with compatible land‐use planning can be most effective. Noise abatement strategies for planning in the environs of airports include operational changes, schedule restrictions, aircraft type restrictions, technological change, airport system change, traffic demand change, encouraging compatible land use, public use, relocation of incompatible use, sensitivity changes, airport environs planning, compensation legal action, regulation and administrative mechanisms, economic incentives, and information. Relative effectiveness and time effectiveness horizons of each are discussed. Alternate means of reducing conflicts between noise sources and surrounding activities are outlined. Implementation of noise abatement strategies and obstacles to implementation are addressed. Ten U.S. airports were studied, including several involved in the Metropolitan Aircraft Noise Abatement Policy Studies (MANAPS) jointly funded by the Department of Transportation and Department of Housing and Urban Development, in order to determine which noise abatement policies and strategies could be most productive.
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Noise element of the general plan concept in California: Planning for environmental noise (A)

J. W. Swing

J. Acoust. Soc. Am. Volume 58, Issue S1, pp. S28-S28 (1975); (1 page)

Online Publication Date: 11 Aug 2005

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This paper discusses the guidelines and procedures prepared by the California Office of Noise Control for use by local agencies in developing a noise element of their general plans as required in California Government Code, Section 65302 (g). The guidelines created by this office utilize the general plane noise element as the central framework for development of a total noise control program at the local level which includes adoption of a community noise ordinance and enforcement of minimum noise insulation standards for residential dwellings in the vicinity of major noise sources. The overall purpose of the noise element is to cause environmental noise to become a mandatory consideration in the land‐use planning process and to recognize severely noise‐impacted areas within a city and develop a plan for mitigation of excessive exposure. A parallel objective to correction of situations of excessive exposure is that of protecting those areas whose present noise environment is deemed acceptable. The guidelines include advice on suitable standards for compatible land use (based upon exposure presented in terms of Day‐Night Average Level Contours) and recommended procedures for community noise monitoring programs.
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