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Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

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Jun 2012

Volume 131, Issue 6, pp. EL421-4870

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Quantitative acoustic analysis of the vocal repertoire of the golden rocket frog (Anomaloglossus beebei)

Beth A. Pettitt, Godfrey R. Bourne, and Mark A. Bee

J. Acoust. Soc. Am. Volume 131, Issue 6, pp. 4811-4820 (2012); (10 pages) | Cited 2 times

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This study describes the vocal repertoire of the Guyanan golden rocket frog, Anomaloglossus beebei, a bromeliad specialist with biparental care. Using multivariate analyses of nine call properties, as well as the occurrence of nonlinear phenomena, three signal types were distinguished—advertisement, courtship, and aggressive calls. Although all three call types were composed of a short series of rapidly repeated pulses, advertisement calls were produced at higher amplitudes and had longer pulse durations than both courtship calls and aggressive calls. Courtship calls exhibited lower dominant frequencies than both advertisement and aggressive calls, which had similar dominant frequencies. Aggressive calls had more pulses per call, had longer intervals between calls, and occasionally contained one or two introductory pulses preceding the pulsed call. Several acoustic properties predicted aspects of the signaler’s body size and condition. Our study demonstrates the reliability of human observers to differentiate the multiple call types of A. beebei based on hearing calls and observing the social context in which they are produced under field conditions.
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43.80.Ka Sound production by animals: mechanisms, characteristics, populations, biosonar

Beluga whale, Delphinapterus leucas, vocalizations from the Churchill River, Manitoba, Canada

Elly G. Chmelnitsky and Steven H. Ferguson

J. Acoust. Soc. Am. Volume 131, Issue 6, pp. 4821-4835 (2012); (15 pages) | Cited 1 time

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Classification of animal vocalizations is often done by a human observer using aural and visual analysis but more efficient, automated methods have also been utilized to reduce bias and increase reproducibility. Beluga whale, Delphinapterus leucas, calls were described from recordings collected in the summers of 2006–2008, in the Churchill River, Manitoba. Calls (n=706) were classified based on aural and visual analysis, and call characteristics were measured; calls were separated into 453 whistles (64.2%; 22 types), 183 pulsed/noisy calls (25.9%; 15 types), and 70 combined calls (9.9%; seven types). Measured parameters varied within each call type but less variation existed in pulsed and noisy call types and some combined call types than in whistles. A more efficient and repeatable hierarchical clustering method was applied to 200 randomly chosen whistles using six call characteristics as variables; twelve groups were identified. Call characteristics varied less in cluster analysis groups than in whistle types described by visual and aural analysis and results were similar to the whistle contours described. This study provided the first description of beluga calls in Hudson Bay and using two methods provides more robust interpretations and an assessment of appropriate methods for future studies.
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43.80.Ka Sound production by animals: mechanisms, characteristics, populations, biosonar

Feasibility of using Nakagami distribution in evaluating the formation of ultrasound-induced thermal lesions

Siyuan Zhang, Fanyu Zhou, Mingxi Wan, Min Wei, Quanyou Fu, Xing Wang, and Supin Wang

J. Acoust. Soc. Am. Volume 131, Issue 6, pp. 4836-4844 (2012); (9 pages) | Cited 1 time

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The acoustic posterior shadowing effects of bubbles influence the accuracy for defining the location and range of ablated thermal lesions during focused ultrasound surgery when using ultrasonic monitoring imaging. This paper explored the feasibility of using Nakagami distribution to evaluate the ablated region induced by focused ultrasound exposures at different acoustic power levels in transparent tissue-mimicking phantoms. The mean value of the Nakagami parameter m was about 0.5 in the cavitation region and increased to around 1 in the ablated region. Nakagami images were not subject to significant shadowing effects of bubbles. Ultrasound-induced thermal lesions observed in the photos and Nakagami images were overshadowed by bubbles in the B-mode images. The lesion size predicted in the Nakagami images was smaller than that predicted in the photos due to the sub resolvable effect of Nakagami imaging at the interface. This preliminary study on tissue-mimicking phantom suggested that the Nakagami parameter m may have the potential use in evaluating the formation of ultrasound-induced thermal lesion when the shadowing effect of bubbles is strong while the thermal lesion was small. Further studies in vivo and in vitro will be needed to evaluate the potential application.
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43.80.Qf Medical diagnosis with acoustics
43.80.Sh Medical use of ultrasonics for tissue modification (permanent and temporary)
43.80.Gx Mechanisms of action of acoustic energy on biological systems: physical processes, sites of action

Compare ultrasound-mediated heating and cavitation between flowing polymer- and lipid-shelled microbubbles during focused ultrasound exposures

Siyuan Zhang, Yujin Zong, Mingxi Wan, Xiaojun Yu, Quanyou Fu, Ting Ding, Fanyu Zhou, and Supin Wang

J. Acoust. Soc. Am. Volume 131, Issue 6, pp. 4845-4855 (2012); (11 pages)

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This paper compares the efficiency of flowing polymer- and lipid-shelled microbubbles (MBs) in the heating and cavitation during focused ultrasound exposures. Temperature and cavitation activity were simultaneously measured as the two types of shelled MBs and saline flowing through a 3 mm diameter vessel in the phantom with varying flow velocities (0–20 cm/s) at different acoustic power levels (0.6–20 W) with each exposure for 5 s. Temperature and cavitation for the lipid-shelled MBs were higher than those for the polymer-shelled MBs. Temperature rise decreased with increasing flow velocities for the two types of shelled MBs and saline at acoustic power 1.5 W. At acoustic power 11.1 W, temperature rise increased with increasing flow velocities for the lipid-shelled MBs. For the polymer-shelled MBs, the temperature rise increased with increasing flow velocities from 3–15 cm/s and decreased at 20 cm/s. Cavitation increased with increasing flow velocity for the two shelled MBs and there were no significant changes of cavitation with increasing flow velocities for saline. These results suggested that lipid-shelled MBs may have a greater efficiency than polymer-shelled MBs in heating and cavitation during focused ultrasound exposures.
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43.80.Sh Medical use of ultrasonics for tissue modification (permanent and temporary)
43.80.Gx Mechanisms of action of acoustic energy on biological systems: physical processes, sites of action
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