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Journal of the Acoustical Society of America / Volume 131 / Issue 2 / JASA EXPRESS LETTERS

Frequency dependent beating patterns and amplitude increase during the approach of an internal wave packet

J. Acoust. Soc. Am. Volume 131, Issue 2, pp. EL145-EL149 (2012); (5 pages)

Jing Luo and Mohsen Badiey

College of Earth, Ocean and Environment, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716 luojing@udel.edu, badiey@udel.edu

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A frequency-dependent beating pattern in the spectrogram of broadband signals transmitted during the approach of an internal wave packet to an acoustic propagating path is reported. An analytical expression relating the acoustic signal measurements and environmental parameters under certain conditions is obtained. Three-dimensional parabolic equation modeling results compare well with Shallow Water 2006 experiment data.

© 2012 Acoustical Society of America

Acknowledgments

The authors wish to thank all participants of the SW06 experiment. This research was supported by the Ocean Acoustic Program (321OA) of the Office of Naval Research through Grant No. N00014-10-1-0396.

Article Outline

  1. Introduction
  2. Acoustic observations during SW06 experiment
  3. Analysis and discussion
  4. Conclusion

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KEYWORDS and PACS

Keywords

acoustic signal processing, acoustic variables measurement, acoustic wave propagation, acoustic wave transmission, parabolic equations, underwater sound

PACS

  • 43.30.Es

    Velocity, attenuation, refraction, and diffraction in water, Doppler effect

  • 43.30.Dr

    Hybrid and asymptotic propagation theories, related experiments

ARTICLE DATA

History
Received 03 Nov 2011
Accepted 31 Dec 2011
Published online 23 Jan 2012
Digital Object Identifier
http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.3678688

PUBLICATION DATA

ISSN

0001-4966 (print)  

Publisher

$abstract.society.value is a Member of CrossRef Acoustical Society of America

  1. Badiey, M., Katsnelson, B. G., Lin, Y.-T., and Lynch, J. F. (2011). “Acoustic multipath arrivals in the horizontal plane due to approaching nonlinear internal waves,” J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 129(4), EL141–EL147JASMAN0001290000040EL141000001.
  2. Badiey, M., Katsnelson, B. G., Lynch, J. F., and Pereselkov, S. (2007). “Frequency dependence and intensity fluctuations due to shallow water internal waves,” J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 122(2), 747–760JASMAN000122000002000747000001. [MEDLINE]
  3. Badiey, M., Katsnelson, B. G., Lynch, J. F., Pereselkov, S., and Siegmann, W. L. (2005). “Measurement and modeling of three-dimensional sound intensity variations due to shallow-water internal waves,” J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 117(2), 613–625JASMAN000117000002000613000001. [MEDLINE]
  4. Lin, Y.-T., Duda, T. F., and Lynch, J. F. (2009). “Acoustic mode radiation from the termination of a truncated nonlinear internal gravity wave duct in a shallow water area,” J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 126, 1752–1765JASMAN000126000004001752000001. [MEDLINE]
  5. Luo, J., Badiey, M., Karjadi, E. A., Katsnelson, B., Tskhoidze, A., Lynch, J. F., and Moum, J. N. (2008). “Observation of sound focusing and defocusing due to propagating nonlinear internal waves,” J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 124(3), EL66–EL72JASMAN00012400000300EL66000001.
  6. Newhall, A., Duda, T., von der Heydt, K., Irish, J., Kemp, J., Lerner, S., Libertore, S., Lin, Y.-T., Lynch, J., Maffei, A., Morozov, A., Scmelev, A., Sellers, C., and Witzell, W. (2007). “Acoustic and oceanographic observations and configuration information for the WHOI moorings from the SW06 Experiment,” Technical Report No. WHOI-2007-04, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA.
  7. Thomson, D. J., and Chapman, N. R. (1983). “A wide-angle split–step algorithm for the parabolic equation,” J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 74, 1848–1854JASMAN000074000006001848000001. [ISI]

Figures (click on thumbnails to view enlargements)

FIG.1
(Color online) Temperature data recorded on (a) the acoustic source (39.1825° N, 72.9428° W) and (b) on the Shark VLA receiver (39.0208° N, 72.0497° W) from 20:30 to 23:30 GMT, on August 17, 2006. The start and end time of the transmission session are marked by two dashed lines. (c) Depth-averaged intensity of received LFM chirps on the Shark VLA hydrophone array during the transmission session from 21:30 to 21:37 GMT. (d) Averaged spectrogram of received LFM signal.

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FIG.2
Diagram of source-receiver track relative to the leading internal wave front moving at speed = v: r1 is the direct path, r2 is the refracted path, and r2' is reflected path under the two-layer assumption.

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FIG.3
(Color online) Simulated acoustic spectrogram and intensity as a function of geotime. (a) Spectrogram using two-layer assumption [Eq. ( 2 )]. Γ is the period of the interference pattern [Eq. ( 4 )]. (b) Intensity of a broadband LFM signal (270–330 Hz) using two-layer assumption [Eq. ( 9 )]. (c) Period and slope of the interference pattern [Eqs. ( 4 , 8 )]. (d) Spectrogram from 3D PE model. (e) Intensity of a broadband LFM signal (270–330 Hz) from 3D PE model.

FIG.3 Download High Resolution Image (.zip file) | Export Figure to PowerPoint



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