Properties of underwater acoustic communication channels in shallow water

Yang, T. C.

doi:doi:10.1121/1.3664053

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Journal of the Acoustical Society of America / Volume 131 / Issue 1 / UNDERWATER SOUND [30]

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Properties of underwater acoustic communication channels in shallow water

J. Acoust. Soc. Am. Volume 131, Issue 1, pp. 129-145 (2012); (17 pages)

T. C. Yang

Naval Research Laboratory, 4555 Overlook Avenue, S.W., Washington, DC 20375

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Abstract

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Underwater acoustic channels are band-limited and reverberant, posing many obstacles to reliable, phase-coherent acoustic communications. While many high frequency communication experiments have been conducted in shallow water, few have carried out systematic studies on the channel properties at a time scale relevant for communications. To aid communication system design, this paper analyzes at-sea data collected in shallow water under various conditions to illustrate how the ocean environments (sea surface waves and random ocean medium) can affect the signal properties. Channel properties studied include amplitude and phase variations, and temporal coherence of individual paths as well as the temporal and spatial coherence of multipaths at different time scales. Reasons for the coherence loss are hypothesized.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The author is indebted to all personnel participating in the TREX04, UNet06, and AUVFest07 experiments to collect valuable data. The UNet06 and AUVFest07 (UNet07) experiments were conducted under the auspices of The Technical Cooperative Program (TTCP) and the Office of Naval Research. The work was supported by the Office of Naval Research. Thanks are due to Z. Liu for comments on the manuscript.

Article Outline

INTRODUCTION
INFLUENCE OF SURFACE WAVES
1. Inter-packet channel variations
2. Depth dependence and spatial coherence
3. Intra-packet channel variations
  1. Amplitude and phase fluctuation
  2. Intra-packet temporal coherence
INFLUENCE OF MEDIUM INHOMOGENEITIES
1. Inter-packet channel variations
2. Depth dependence and spatial coherence
3. Intra-packet channel variations
  1. Amplitude and phase fluctuation
  2. Intra-packet temporal coherence
CHANNEL ESTIMATION
SUMMARY AND DISCUSSIONS OF THE EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS
CONCLUSIONS

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KEYWORDS and PACS

Keywords

acoustic signal processing, coherence, underwater acoustic communication, underwater acoustic propagation

PACS

43.30.Re

Signal coherence or fluctuation due to sound propagation/scattering in the ocean
43.60.Cg

Statistical properties of signals and noise
43.30.Hw

Rough interface scattering
43.30.Ft

Volume scattering

ARTICLE DATA

History

Received 04 Feb 2011
Accepted 25 Oct 2011
Revised 11 Oct 2011

Digital Object Identifier

http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.3664053

PUBLICATION DATA

ISSN

0001-4966 (print)

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$abstract.society.value is a Member of CrossRef

Acoustical Society of America

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Properties of underwater acoustic communication channels in shallow water