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Journal of the Acoustical Society of America / Volume 129 / Issue 2 / UNDERWATER SOUND [30]

Beaked whale (Mesoplodon densirostris) passive acoustic detection in increasing ambient noise

J. Acoust. Soc. Am. Volume 129, Issue 2, pp. 662-669 (2011); (8 pages)

Jessica Ward1, Susan Jarvis1, David Moretti1, Ronald Morrissey1, Nancy DiMarzio1, Mark Johnson2, Peter Tyack2, Len Thomas3, and Tiago Marques3

1Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Division Newport, 1176 Howell Street, Newport, Rhode Island
2Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543
3Center for Research into Ecological and Environmental Modelling, The Observatory, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, KY16 9LZ, Scotland

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Passive acoustic detection is being increasingly used to monitor visually cryptic cetaceans such as Blainville’s beaked whales (Mesoplodon densirostris) that may be especially sensitive to underwater sound. The efficacy of passive acoustic detection is traditionally characterized by the probability of detecting the animal’s sound emissions as a function of signal-to-noise ratio. The probability of detection can be predicted using accepted, but not necessarily accurate, models of the underwater acoustic environment. Recent field studies combining far-field hydrophone arrays with on-animal acoustic recording tags have yielded the location and time of each sound emission from tagged animals, enabling in-situ measurements of the probability of detection. However, tagging studies can only take place in calm seas and so do not reflect the full range of ambient noise conditions under which passive acoustic detection may be used. Increased surface-generated noise from wind and wave interaction degrades the signal-to-noise ratio of animal sound receptions at a given distance leading to a reduction in probability of detection. This paper presents a case study simulating the effect of increasing ambient noise on detection of M. densirostris foraging clicks recorded from a tagged whale swimming in the vicinity of a deep-water, bottom-mounted hydrophone array.

© 2011 Acoustical Society of America

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

These data were collected during the 2007 Behavioral Response Study (BRS) funded by N45, Office of Naval Research, Integrated Warfare Systems 5 (IWS5) and Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program. We would like to thank the entire field team that participated in the 2007 BRS for supporting the effort that provided the data used in this study. This work was funded by two partners under the National Oceanographic Partnership Program: The Ocean Acoustics Program of the U.S. National Marine Fisheries Service, Office of Protected Resources, and the International Association of Oil and Gas Producers Joint Industry Programme on Exploration and Production Sound and Marine Life. The research permits were issued to John Boreman (U.S. National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) 1121-1900), Peter Tyack (U.S. NMFS 981-1578), and Ian Boyd (Bahamas permit #02/07). The tagging research was approved by the WHOI Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee. In addition, this work would not have been possible without the contributions of David Deveau, who provided the historical ambient noise measurements, and the late Jim Pazera, who generously shared his expertise as system engineer of the AUTEC hydrophones shortly before his untimely death. Jim is greatly missed by all his colleagues at NUWC.

Article Outline

  1. INTRODUCTION
  2. METHODS
    1. Case study scenario
    2. Theoretical probability of detection
    3. Empirical ambient noise
    4. Addition of colored noise
    5. Measured probability of detection
  3. RESULTS
    1. Theoretical probability of detection
    2. Empirical ambient noise
    3. GLM fit of baseline and simulated noise Pd
  4. DISCUSSION

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KEYWORDS and PACS

Keywords

acoustic emission, acoustic noise, acoustic signal detection, hydrophones, underwater sound

PACS

  • 43.30.Sf

    Acoustical detection of marine life; passive and active

ARTICLE DATA

History
Received 06 May 2010
Accepted 29 Nov 2010
Revised 22 Nov 2010
Published online 11 Feb 2011
Digital Object Identifier
http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.3531844

PUBLICATION DATA

ISSN

0001-4966 (print)  

Publisher

$abstract.society.value is a Member of CrossRef Acoustical Society of America

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