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Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

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Dec 2008

Volume 124, Issue 6, pp. 3351-EL365

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New Fellows of the Acoustical Society of America

J. Acoust. Soc. Am. Volume 124, Issue 6, pp. 3351-3351 (2008); (1 page)

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43.05.Ky Members and membership lists, personal notes, fellows

President's report on the 155th meeting of the Acoustical Society of America held as part of Acoustics'08 Paris, France

J. Acoust. Soc. Am. Volume 124, Issue 6, pp. 3351-3354 (2008); (4 pages)

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43.05.Hw Meetings

USA Meetings Calendar

J. Acoust. Soc. Am. Volume 124, Issue 6, pp. 3354-3355 (2008); (2 pages)

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43.05.Hw Meetings
43.10.Ce Conferences, lectures, and announcements (not of the Acoustical Society of America)

Cumulative Indexes to the Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

J. Acoust. Soc. Am. Volume 124, Issue 6, pp. 3355-3355 (2008); (1 page)

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43.05.Gv Publications, ARLO, Echoes, ASA Web page, electronic archives and references
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International Meetings Calendar

J. Acoust. Soc. Am. Volume 124, Issue 6, pp. 3357-3357 (2008); (1 page)

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43.10.Ce Conferences, lectures, and announcements (not of the Acoustical Society of America)
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Home office worker performance and perception as affected by residential audible distractions through various wall constructions

Alicia J. Wagner

J. Acoust. Soc. Am. Volume 124, Issue 6, pp. 3359-3359 (2008); (1 page)

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This research examines the effects that residential audible distractions have on task performance and subjective perception of home office workers when transmitted across various residential wall constructions. Subjects performed math, verbal, and typing tasks while exposed to 16-h-long sound signals. These signals were generated using four audio filters simulating residential wall constructions providing varying degrees of acoustic attenuation ranging from field sound transmission classes of 36–58. The audio filters were applied to four types of audible distractions: (1) pop music, (2) television, (3) conversation, and (4) a potpourri of kitchen, pet, and children’s noises. A questionnaire was also administered to determine participants’ perception of loudness, variation in time, distraction, and annoyance. Statistical analyses indicate that none of the wall constructions or audible distractions significantly affected task performance. However, subjective perception does appear to be related to both factors. The relationship between task performance and subjective perception was also examined, yielding significant results between typing and subjective perception.
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43.55.Rg Sound transmission through walls and through ducts: theory and measurement
43.50.Qp Effects of noise on man and society
43.55.Hy Subjective effects in room acoustics, speech in rooms

Modeling the dynamic interactions of rolling bearings (A)

João Henrique Diniz Guimarães

J. Acoust. Soc. Am. Volume 124, Issue 6, pp. 3359-3359 (2008); (1 page)

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This work deals with the generation and propagation of structure-borne sound by the rolling contact in bearings. Rolling bearings are widely used in machines and, in early stages of operation, the interaction of the rough surfaces of races and rolling bodies produces an excitation that will propagate to the surrounding structure. The dissertation presents a model for the determination of the structure-borne excitation due to rolling, using the condition of the surfaces and the dynamics of the rolling movement as input. The model is able to simulate the time evolution of the excitation generated by the bearing that is imposed to the machine. Additionally, this work describes the experimental evaluation of the influence of the path between the point where the excitation is generated (in the bearing) to the point where it is usually measured (on the machine’s housing) using special actuators made of one rolling element. Measurements under running conditions are made for comparisons with cylindrical and spherical rolling bearings. This approach shows that a deeper insight in the understanding of machine vibration can be gained when one tries to model sources and treats the system as a filter that has to be described in order to evaluate the influence of the transfer path. Publisher: Logos Verlag Berlin, 2008; ISBN: 978-3-8325-2010-6.
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43.20.Ye Measurement methods and instrumentation
43.40.At Experimental and theoretical studies of vibrating systems
43.38.Fx Piezoelectric and ferroelectric transducers

From children to adults: How binaural cues and ear canal impedances grow (A)

Janina Fels

J. Acoust. Soc. Am. Volume 124, Issue 6, pp. 3359-3359 (2008); (1 page)

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In this thesis the growth dependency of head-related transfer functions and their resulting parameters (interaural time and level differences) are analyzed as well as ear canal impedances. Differences in the anatomy of children and adults thus result in different binaural cues. The individual anthropometric parameters, however, affect the binaural cues to a varying extent. In this thesis the most important anthropometric parameter with regard to their influence on binaural cues, is determined. Ear canal impedances are undergoing certain changes as well while children are growing up and finally reach adulthood. This thesis presents, for the first time, the age-related development of data that is most decisive for the impedances. These new findings open up new possibilities to develop artificial child heads and couplers for hearing aids that are suitable for children. Thus, improvements in certain fields of applications, such as the development and fitting of hearing aids for children, are now possible, and measurement techniques that are used for classroom acoustics can now be optimized significantly as well. Moreover, these new findings are vital when it comes to re-evaluating standardized artificial heads. Publisher: Logos Verlag Berlin, 2008; ISBN: 978-3-8325-1855-4. 
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43.66.Pn Binaural hearing
43.64.Ha Acoustical properties of the outer ear; middle-ear mechanics and reflex
43.66.Yw Instruments and methods related to hearing and its measurement

Binaural technology for virtual reality (A)

Tobias Lentz

J. Acoust. Soc. Am. Volume 124, Issue 6, pp. 3359-3359 (2008); (1 page)

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The use of nonintrusive virtual environments is gaining more and more importance but was focused mainly on addressing the visual sense. However, the human perception consists not only of visual input and thus it would be worthwhile to create multimodal and interactive virtual environments. This thesis describes the techniques required to include the acoustic component into virtual environments and the implementation of a software system, which creates complex artificial acoustical scenes in real time. The system is based on the binaural technology. It features spatially distributed sound sources, which are utilized to create an environment that is as authentic as possible. This comprises a description of the source, including its relevant angle-, distance-, and time-dependent radiation, the sound distribution in the virtual scene, the perception-related consideration of all sound field components, and the exact reproduction at the ears of the user. In this context, an approach for dynamic crosstalk cancellation is presented, which enables a loudspeaker-based reproduction. The required filters are processed in real time on the basis of the position data and measured transfer functions of the outer ear. Furthermore the integration of this spatial audio system into a five-sided Virtual Reality display system is described and evaluated. 
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43.66.Pn Binaural hearing
43.66.Qp Localization of sound sources
43.55.Ka Computer simulation of acoustics in enclosures, modeling
43.60.Dh Signal processing for communications: telephony and telemetry, sound pickup and reproduction, multimedia

Contributions to discrete-time methods for room acoustic simulation (A)

José Escolano-Carrasco

J. Acoust. Soc. Am. Volume 124, Issue 6, pp. 3359-3359 (2008); (1 page)

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The sound field distribution in a room is the consequence of the acoustic properties of radiating sources and the geometry and absorbing characteristics of the surrounding boundaries. Despite there existing a consolidated acoustic wave theory, it is very difficult, nearly impossible, to find an analytical expression of the sound variable distribution in a real room, as a function of time and position. This scenario represents as an inhomogeneous boundary value problem, where the complexity of source properties and boundary conditions make that problem extremely hard to solve. The use of discrete-time methods arises as a suitable solution for solving those partial differential equations, particularized by some specific constrains. Together with the constant growth of computer power, those methods are increasing their suitability for room acoustic simulation. However, there exists an important lack of accuracy in the definition of some of these conditions so far: Current frequency-dependent boundary conditions do not comply with any physical model, and directive sources in discrete-time methods have been hardly treated. This thesis discusses the current state-of-the-art boundary conditions and source modeling in discrete-time methods for room acoustic simulation, and it contributes some algorithms to enhance them. 
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43.55.Ka Computer simulation of acoustics in enclosures, modeling
43.58.Ta Computers and computer programs in acoustics
43.28.Js Numerical models for outdoor propagation
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Acoustic wave etch rate sensor system (P)

James Z. T. Liu

J. Acoust. Soc. Am. Volume 124, Issue 6, pp. 3361-3361 (2008); (1 page)

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43.35.Yb Ultrasonic instrumentation and measurement techniques

Magnetic assembly for a transducer (P)

Thomas E. Miller and Evan Llamas‐Young

J. Acoust. Soc. Am. Volume 124, Issue 6, pp. 3361-3361 (2008); (1 page)

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43.38.Dv Electromagnetic and electrodynamic transducers

Sound transducer for solid surfaces (P)

Christopher Combest

J. Acoust. Soc. Am. Volume 124, Issue 6, pp. 3361-3362 (2008); (2 pages)

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43.38.Dv Electromagnetic and electrodynamic transducers

Film acoustically‐coupled transformer with increased common mode rejection (P)

John D. Larson, III

J. Acoust. Soc. Am. Volume 124, Issue 6, pp. 3362-3362 (2008); (1 page)

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43.38.Fx Piezoelectric and ferroelectric transducers

Miniature condenser microphone and fabrication method therefor (P)

Michael Pedersen

J. Acoust. Soc. Am. Volume 124, Issue 6, pp. 3362-3362 (2008); (1 page)

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43.38.Gy Semiconductor transducers

Parametric audio system (P)

Frank Joseph Pompei

J. Acoust. Soc. Am. Volume 124, Issue 6, pp. 3362-3362 (2008); (1 page)

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43.38.Hz Transducer arrays, acoustic interaction effects in arrays

Array speaker system (P)

Yusuke Konagai

J. Acoust. Soc. Am. Volume 124, Issue 6, pp. 3363-3363 (2008); (1 page)

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43.38.Hz Transducer arrays, acoustic interaction effects in arrays

Loudspeaker mounting frame, loudspeaker and cabinet comprising a loudspeaker (P)

Cornelius Sperle

J. Acoust. Soc. Am. Volume 124, Issue 6, pp. 3363-3363 (2008); (1 page)

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43.38.Ja Loudspeakers and horns, practical sound sources

Loudspeaker, and module and electronic apparatus using the loudspeaker (P)

Shigeru Tomoeda

J. Acoust. Soc. Am. Volume 124, Issue 6, pp. 3363-3363 (2008); (1 page)

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43.38.Ja Loudspeakers and horns, practical sound sources

Dual range horn with acoustic crossover (P)

Marshall D. Buck

J. Acoust. Soc. Am. Volume 124, Issue 6, pp. 3363-3363 (2008); (1 page)

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43.38.Ja Loudspeakers and horns, practical sound sources

Method for driving a vibrating device for a portable object that comprises a coil and a moving mass (P)

Daho Taghezout

J. Acoust. Soc. Am. Volume 124, Issue 6, pp. 3364-3364 (2008); (1 page)

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43.38.Lc Amplifiers, attenuators, and audio controls

Harmonic generator and pre‐amp (P)

Paul R. Gagon

J. Acoust. Soc. Am. Volume 124, Issue 6, pp. 3364-3364 (2008); (1 page)

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43.38.Lc Amplifiers, attenuators, and audio controls

Base management systems (P)

Bradley F. Eid and Hans‐Juergen Nitzpon

J. Acoust. Soc. Am. Volume 124, Issue 6, pp. 3364-3364 (2008); (1 page)

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43.38.Lc Amplifiers, attenuators, and audio controls

Surface acoustic wave element (P)

Katsuro Yoneya

J. Acoust. Soc. Am. Volume 124, Issue 6, pp. 3364-3364 (2008); (1 page)

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43.38.Rh Surface acoustic wave transducers

Surface acoustic wave device (P)

Chan Hin Kam

J. Acoust. Soc. Am. Volume 124, Issue 6, pp. 3365-3365 (2008); (1 page)

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43.38.Rh Surface acoustic wave transducers
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