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The Franssen effect illusion in budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus) and zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata)
J. Acoust. Soc. Am. Volume 122, Issue 6, pp. 3609-3614 (2007); (6 pages)
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Add to FacebookThe properties of the Franssen effect (FE) were measured in budgerigars and zebra finches. To elicit the FE, listeners are presented with a signal which has been split into a transient component, carrying an abrupt onset and ramped offset and separated in space from the sustained component which has a slowly rising onset and longer duration. When these two signals are played under certain conditions, the perception is that of a long-duration steady state tone being played at the location of the transient. The birds were trained using operant conditioning methods on a categorization task to peck a left key when presented with a stimulus from a left speaker and to peck a right key when presented with a stimulus from a right speaker. Once training was completed, FE stimuli were presented during a small proportion of trials. The FE was measured at speaker separations of 60° and 180° in both echoic and echoic-reduced conditions. Both species of birds exhibited the FE, although to varying degrees, across conditions. These results show that nonmammals also experience the FE illusion in confusing listening situations in a manner similar to mammals, suggestive of similar auditory processing mechanisms.
© 2007 Acoustical Society of America
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The authors would like to thank the numerous graduate and undergraduate students at UB for their invaluable experimental assistance and Dr. D.J. Tollin for assistance with the reverberation calculations. This work was supported by grants from the DRF and NOHR.
Article Outline
- INTRODUCTION
- METHODS
- Subjects
- Testing apparatus
- Stimuli and calibration
- Procedures
- Data analysis
- RESULTS
- DISCUSSION
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History
Received 05 Apr 2007
Accepted 18 Sep 2007
Revised 15 Aug 2007
Accepted 18 Sep 2007
Revised 15 Aug 2007
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