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Journal of the Acoustical Society of America / Volume 122 / Issue 3 / NONLINEAR ACOUSTICS [25]

Nonlinear phenomena in the vocalizations of North Atlantic right whales (Eubalaena glacialis) and killer whales (Orcinus orca)

J. Acoust. Soc. Am. Volume 122, Issue 3, pp. 1365-1373 (2007); (9 pages)

Reny B. Tyson1, Douglas P. Nowacek2, and Patrick J. O. Miller3

1Department of Oceanography, Florida State University, 105 N. Woodward Ave., P. O. Box 3064320, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4320 and Department of Psychology, Florida State University, 1107 West Call Street, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4301
2Department of Oceanography, Florida State University, 105 N. Woodward Ave., P. O. Box 3064320, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4320
3School of Biology, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, Fife, KY16 9TS, United Kingdom

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Nonlinear phenomena or nonlinearities in animal vocalizations include features such as subharmonics, deterministic chaos, biphonation, and frequency jumps that until recently were generally ignored in acoustic analyses. Recent documentation of these phenomena in several species suggests that they may play a communicative role, though the exact function is still under investigation. Here, qualitative descriptions and quantitative analyses of nonlinearities in the vocalizations of killer whales (Orcinus orca) and North Atlantic right whales (Eubalaena glacialis) are provided. All four nonlinear features were present in both species, with at least one feature occurring in 92.4% of killer and 65.7% of right whale vocalizations analyzed. Occurrence of biphonation varied the most between species, being present in 89.0% of killer whale vocalizations and only 20.4% of right whale vocalizations. Because deterministic chaos is qualitatively and quantitatively different than random or Gaussian noise, a program (TISEAN©) designed specifically to identify deterministic chaos to confirm the presence of this nonlinearity was used. All segments tested in this software indicate that both species do indeed exhibit deterministic chaos. The results of this study provide confirmation that such features are common in the vocalizations of cetacean species and lay the groundwork for future studies.

© 2007 Acoustical Society of America

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

We would like to thank the following people for their assistance with this study: David Mann, Michael Owren, Anna Nousek, Susan Parks, Rainer Hegger, Mike Kashack, and Frank Johnson. Right whale recordings in 2001 and 2002 were made under a NOAA National Marine Fisheries permit No. 1040 issued to Scott Kraus and Canadian Department of Fisheries and Oceans permits 2001-599 and 2002-258. Right whale recordings in 2005 were made under a Canadian Department of Fisheries and Oceans permit, MAR-SA-2005-03. Killer whale recordings were also made under research permits from the Canadian Department of Fisheries and Oceans following Canadian law.

Article Outline

  1. INTRODUCTION
  2. METHODS
  3. RESULTS
  4. DISCUSSION

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KEYWORDS and PACS

Keywords

bioacoustics, nonlinear acoustics, zoology

PACS

  • 43.25.Ts

    Nonlinear acoustical and dynamical systems

  • 43.80.Ka

    Sound production by animals: mechanisms, characteristics, populations, biosonar

ARTICLE DATA

History
Received 17 Nov 2006
Accepted 13 Jun 2007
Revised 29 May 2007
Digital Object Identifier
http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.2756263

PUBLICATION DATA

ISSN

0001-4966 (print)  

Publisher

$abstract.society.value is a Member of CrossRef Acoustical Society of America

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