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Journal of the Acoustical Society of America / Volume 122 / Issue 1 / AEROACOUSTICS, ATMOSPHERIC SOUND [28]

Tele-infrasonic studies of hard-rock mining explosions

J. Acoust. Soc. Am. Volume 122, Issue 1, pp. 97-106 (2007); (10 pages)

Mihan H. McKenna1, Brian W. Stump2, Sylvia Hayek3, Jason R. McKenna4, and Terry R. Stanton5

1Structural Engineering Branch, Geotechnical and Structures Laboratory, U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, 3909 Halls Ferry Road, Vicksburg, Mississippi 39180
2Department of Geological Sciences, Southern Methodist University, 3225 Daniel Avenue, Dallas, Texas 75275
3Natural Resources Canada, C.E.F. 930 Carling Ave. 7 Observatory Crescent, Room. 20, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0Y3
4Engineering Geology and Geophysics Branch, Geotechnical and Structures Laboratory, U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, 3909 Halls Ferry Road, Vicksburg, Mississippi 39180
5Structural Engineering Branch, Geotechnical and Structures Laboratory, U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, 3909 Halls Ferry Road, Vicksburg, Mississippi 39180

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The Lac-du-Bonnet infrasound station, IS-10, and the Minnesota iron mines 390 km to the southeast are ideally located to assess the accuracy of atmospheric profiles needed for infrasound modeling. Infrasonic data from 2003 associated with explosions at the iron mine were analyzed for effects of explosion size and atmospheric conditions on observations with well-constrained ground truth. Noise was the determining factor for observation; high noise conditions sometimes prevented unequivocal identification of infrasound arrivals. Observed arrivals had frequencies of 0.5 to 5 Hz, with a dominant frequency of 2 Hz, and generally had durations on the order of 10 s or less. There was no correlation between explosive amount and observability. Tele-infrasonic propagation distances (greater than 250 km) produce thermospheric ray paths. Modeling is based upon MSIS/HWM (Mass Spectrometer Incoherent Scatter/Horizontal Wind Model) and NRL-G2S (Naval Research Laboratory Ground to Space) datasets. The NRL-G2S dataset provided more accurate travel time predictions that the MSIS/HWM dataset. PE modeling for the NRL-G2S dataset indicates energy loss at higher frequencies (around 4 Hz). Additionally, applying the Sutherland/Bass model through the NRL-G2S realization of the atmosphere in InfraMAP results in predicted amplitudes too small to be observed.

© 2007 Acoustical Society of America

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

A portion of this manuscript was initially presented in Mihan H. McKenna’s unpublished dissertation “Infrasound Wave Propagation over Near-Regional and Tele-Infrasonic Distances.” The authors would like to extend their appreciation to Travis Glenn for data preparation. Permission to publish this paper was granted by Director, Geotechnical and Structures Laboratory, U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center.

Article Outline

  1. INTRODUCTION
  2. DESCRIPTION OF EXPERIMENT AND DATA
    1. Minnesota hard rock iron mine
    2. Infrasound and seismic stations
    3. Infrasound data
  3. MODELING
    1. Ray path modeling
    2. PE modeling
  4. COMPARISON OF OBSERVED AND PREDICTED ARRIVALS
  5. CONCLUSIONS

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KEYWORDS and PACS

Keywords

aeroacoustics, acoustic wave propagation, explosions, mining, rocks

PACS

  • 43.28.Dm

    Infrasound and acoustic-gravity waves

  • 43.28.Fp

    Outdoor sound propagation through a stationary atmosphere, meteorological factors

  • 43.28.We

    Measurement methods and instrumentation for remote sensing and for inverse problems

  • 43.28.Hr

    Outdoor sound sources

ARTICLE DATA

History
Received 31 Oct 2006
Accepted 26 Apr 2007
Revised 26 Apr 2007
Digital Object Identifier
http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.2741375

PUBLICATION DATA

ISSN

0001-4966 (print)  

Publisher

$abstract.society.value is a Member of CrossRef Acoustical Society of America

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