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Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

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Dec 2003

Volume 114, Issue 6, pp. 2973-3424

References to Contemporary Papers on Acoustics
(published as Part 2 of this issue)

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Energy transmittance predicts conductive hearing loss in older children and adults

Douglas H. Keefe and Jeffrey L. Simmons

J. Acoust. Soc. Am. Volume 114, Issue 6, pp. 3217-3238 (2003); (22 pages) | Cited 10 times

Online Publication Date: 02 Dec 2003

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The test performance of a wideband acoustic transfer function (ATF) test and 226-Hz tympanometry was assessed in predicting the presence of conductive hearing loss, based on an air–bone gap of 20 dB or more. Two ATF tests were designed using an improved calibration method over a frequency range (0.25–8 kHz): an ambient-pressure test and a tympanometric test using an excess static pressure in the ear canal. Wideband responses were objectively classified using moment analyses of energy transmittance, which was a more appropriate test variable than energy reflectance. Subjects included adults and children of age 10 years and up, with 42 normal-functioning ears and 18 ears with a conductive hearing loss. Predictors were based on the magnitudes of the moment deviations from the 10th to 90th percentiles of the normal group. Comparing tests at a fixed specificity of 0.90, the sensitivities were 0.28 for peak-compensated static acoustic admittance at 226 Hz, 0.72 for ambient-pressure ATF, and 0.94 for pressurized ATF. Pressurized ATF was accurate at predicting conductive hearing loss with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.95. Ambient-pressure ATF may have sufficient accuracy to use in some hearing-screening applications, whereas pressurized ATF has additional accuracy that may be appropriate for hearing-diagnostic applications. © 2003 Acoustical Society of America.
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43.64.Ha Acoustical properties of the outer ear; middle-ear mechanics and reflex
43.64.Yp Instruments and methods
43.58.Bh Acoustic impedance measurement

A longitudinal study of distortion product otoacoustic emission ipsilateral suppression and input/output characteristics in human neonates

Carolina Abdala

J. Acoust. Soc. Am. Volume 114, Issue 6, pp. 3239-3250 (2003); (12 pages) | Cited 10 times

Online Publication Date: 02 Dec 2003

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Past work has shown that distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE) (2f1–f2) ipsilateral suppression and input/output (I/O) characteristics are not adult-like in prematurely born neonates [Abdala, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 110, 1465–1476 (2001)]. These age differences are most pronounced at f2 = 6000 Hz and have been interpreted to indicate a subtle immaturity in human cochlear function prior to term birth. It is still not clear, however, whether term-born neonates are completely adult-like in cochlear function. To study this question, DPOAE suppression and I/O functions for f2 = 6000 Hz were measured in a group of prematurely born neonates at weekly intervals over a period of 7–8-weeks, a group of normal-hearing adults, and during a one-time test session in a group of term-born neonates. Results show that there was no significant change in suppression tuning, suppression growth, and various I/O characteristics across test session for premature neonates, but there was an age-group effect; even once prematurely born neonates reached the equivalence of term-like status (38–40-weeks postconceptional weeks), they continued to show narrower suppression tuning than adults, shallower suppression growth for low-frequency side suppressor tones, and an elevated amplitude saturation plateau on the I/O function. Term-born neonates showed DPOAE results that were comparable to those measured from premature neonates and unlike adult findings. These results suggest that a subtle immaturity in cochlear function persists into the postnatal period. © 2003 Acoustical Society of America.
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43.64.Jb Otoacoustic emissions
43.64.Kc Cochlear mechanics

Influence of hearing sensitivity on mechano-electric transduction

Mark E. Chertoff, Xing Yi, and Jeffery T. Lichtenhan

J. Acoust. Soc. Am. Volume 114, Issue 6, pp. 3251-3263 (2003); (13 pages) | Cited 3 times

Online Publication Date: 02 Dec 2003

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This study examined the relation between the extent of permanent hearing loss and the change in a third-order polynomial transducer function (PTF) representing mechano-electric transduction (MET). Mongolian gerbils were exposed to noise for 1 to 128 h. A control group received no exposure. The cochlear microphonic (CM) was recorded from a round-window electrode and stapes velocity was recorded with a laser Doppler vibrometer in response to Gaussian noise. A nonlinear systems identification procedure provided the frequency-domain coefficients of the PTF and their associated coherence functions. In the control group, the PTF in the high frequencies was dominated by linear and cubic terms. In noise-exposed animals, the magnitude of these terms decreased with increasing threshold, suggesting a progressive decrease in the receptor currents through basal hair cells. Moreover, the linear coherence increased and the cubic coherence decreased, indicating that MET in the cochlear base became linear. In the low frequencies, noise exposure altered the group delay of the CM, demonstrating a redistribution of hair-cell currents. The low-frequency PTF was characterized by an increase in the contribution in the quadratic term. With increasing threshold, the slope of the PTF decreased and the saturation for positive CM was eliminated. © 2003 Acoustical Society of America.
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43.64.Kc Cochlear mechanics
43.64.Ld Physiology of hair cells
43.64.Nf Cochlear electrophysiology

A short latency vestibular evoked potential (VsEP) produced by bone-conducted acoustic stimulation

Neil P. McAngus Todd, Sally M. Rosengren, and James G. Colebatch

J. Acoust. Soc. Am. Volume 114, Issue 6, pp. 3264-3272 (2003); (9 pages) | Cited 2 times

Online Publication Date: 02 Dec 2003

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In this paper data are presented from an experiment which provides evidence for the existence of a short latency, acoustically evoked potential of probable vestibular origin. The experiment was conducted in two phases using bone-conducted acoustic stimulation. In the first phase subjects were stimulated with 6-ms, 500-Hz tone bursts in order to obtain the threshold VT for vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (VEMP). It was confirmed that the difference between bone-conducted auditory and acoustic vestibular thresholds was slightly over 30 dB. The estimated threshold was then used as a reference value in the second part of the experiment to stimulate subjects over a range of intensities from −6 to +18 dB (re:VT). Averaged EEG recordings were made with eight Ag/AgCl electrodes placed on the scalp at Fpz, F3, F4, F7, F8, Cz, T3, and T4 according to the 10–20 system. Below VT auditory midlatency responses (MLRs) were observed. Above VT two additional potentials appeared: a positivity at about 10 ms (P10) which was maximal at Cz, and a negativity at about 15 ms (N15) which was maximal at Fpz. Extrapolation of the growth functions for the P10 and N15 indicated a threshold close to VT, consistent with a vestibular origin of these potentials. Given the low threshold of vestibular acoustic sensitivity it is possible that this mode may make a contribution to the detection of and affective responses to loud low frequency sounds. The evoked potentials may also have application as a noninvasive and nontraumatic test of vestibular projections to the cortex. © 2003 Acoustical Society of America.
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43.64.Ri Evoked responses to sounds
43.64.Qh Electrophysiology of the auditory central nervous system
43.66.Wv Vibration and tactile senses
43.80.Lb Sound reception by animals: anatomy, physiology, auditory capacities, processing
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