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Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

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Jun 2003

Volume 113, Issue 6, pp. 2947-3437

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A nonlinear filter-bank model of the guinea-pig cochlear nerve: Rate responses

Christian J. Sumner, Lowel P. O’Mard, Enrique A. Lopez-Poveda, and Ray Meddis

J. Acoust. Soc. Am. Volume 113, Issue 6, pp. 3264-3274 (2003); (11 pages) | Cited 10 times

Online Publication Date: 29 May 2003

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The aim of this study is to produce a functional model of the auditory nerve (AN) response of the guinea-pig that reproduces a wide range of important responses to auditory stimulation. The model is intended for use as an input to larger scale models of auditory processing in the brain-stem. A dual-resonance nonlinear filter architecture is used to reproduce the mechanical tuning of the cochlea. Transduction to the activity on the AN is accomplished with a recently proposed model of the inner-hair-cell. Together, these models have been shown to be able to reproduce the response of high-, medium-, and low-spontaneous rate fibers from the guinea-pig AN at high best frequencies (BFs). In this study we generate parameters that allow us to fit the AN model to data from a wide range of BFs. By varying the characteristics of the mechanical filtering as a function of the BF it was possible to reproduce the BF dependence of frequency-threshold tuning curves, AN rate-intensity functions at and away from BF, compression of the basilar membrane at BF as inferred from AN responses, and AN iso-intensity functions. The model is a convenient computational tool for the simulation of the range of nonlinear tuning and rate-responses found across the length of the guinea-pig cochlear nerve. © 2003 Acoustical Society of America.
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43.64.Bt Models and theories of the auditory system
43.66.Ba Models and theories of auditory processes

Further efforts to predict pure-tone thresholds from distortion product otoacoustic emission input/output functions

Michael P. Gorga, Stephen T. Neely, Patricia A. Dorn, and Brenda M. Hoover

J. Acoust. Soc. Am. Volume 113, Issue 6, pp. 3275-3284 (2003); (10 pages) | Cited 20 times

Online Publication Date: 29 May 2003

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Recently, Boege and Janssen [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 111, 1810–1818 (2002)] fit linear equations to distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE) input/output (I/O) functions after the DPOAE level (in dB SPL) was converted into pressure (in μPa). Significant correlations were observed between these DPOAE thresholds and audiometric thresholds. The present study extends their work by (1) evaluating the effect of frequency, (2) determining the behavioral thresholds in those conditions that did not meet inclusion criteria, and (3) including a wider range of stimulus levels. DPOAE I/O functions were measured in as many as 278 ears of subjects with normal and impaired hearing. Nine f2 frequencies (500 to 8000 Hz in ½-octave steps) were used, L2 ranged from 10 to 85 dB SPL (5-dB steps), and L1 was set according to the equation L1 = 0.4L2+39 dB [Kummer et al., J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 103, 3431–3444 (1998)] for L2 levels up to 65 dB SPL, beyond which L1 = L2. For the same conditions as those used by Boege and Janssen, we observed a frequency effect such that correlations were higher for mid-frequency threshold comparisons. In addition, a larger proportion of conditions not meeting inclusion criteria at mid and high frequencies had hearing losses exceeding 30 dB HL, compared to lower frequencies. These results suggest that DPOAE I/O functions can be used to predict audiometric thresholds with greater accuracy at mid and high frequencies, but only when certain inclusion criteria are met. When the SNR inclusion criterion is not met, the expected amount of hearing loss increases. Increasing the range of input levels from 20–65 dB SPL to 10–85 dB SPL increased the number of functions meeting inclusion criteria and increased the overall correlation between DPOAE and behavioral thresholds. © 2003 Acoustical Society of America.
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43.64.Ha Acoustical properties of the outer ear; middle-ear mechanics and reflex
43.64.Jb Otoacoustic emissions

Amplitude and phase of distortion product otoacoustic emissions in the guinea pig in an (f1,f2) area study

Sandra Schneider, Vera F. Prijs, and Ruurd Schoonhoven

J. Acoust. Soc. Am. Volume 113, Issue 6, pp. 3285-3296 (2003); (12 pages) | Cited 1 time

Online Publication Date: 29 May 2003

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Lower sideband distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs), measured in the ear canal upon stimulation with two continuous pure tones, are the result of interfering contributions from two different mechanisms, the nonlinear distortion component and the linear reflection component. The two contributors have been shown to have a different amplitude and, in particular, a different phase behavior as a function of the stimulus frequencies. The dominance of either component was investigated in an extensive (f1,f2) area study of DPOAE amplitude and phase in the guinea pig, which allows for both qualitative and quantitative analysis of isophase contours. Making a minimum of additional assumptions, simple relations between the direction of constant phase in the (f1,f2) plane and the group delays in f1-sweep, f2-sweep, and fixed f2/f1 paradigms can be derived, both for distortion (wave-fixed) and reflection (place-fixed) components. The experimental data indicate the presence of both components in the lower sideband DPOAEs, with the reflection component as the dominant contributor for low f2/f1 ratios and the distortion component for intermediate ratios. At high ratios the behavior cannot be explained by dominance of either component. © 2003 Acoustical Society of America.
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43.64.Jb Otoacoustic emissions
43.64.Kc Cochlear mechanics
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