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Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

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Apr 1939

Volume 10, Issue 4, pp. 261-329


The Mechanism of Hearing by Electrical Stimulation

S. S. Stevens and R. Clark Jones

J. Acoust. Soc. Am. Volume 10, Issue 4, pp. 261-269 (1939); (9 pages) | Cited 1 time

Online Publication Date: 15 Jun 2005

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The harmonic components in the complex tone heard when a sinusoidal electric current is passed through the head were measured by the method of “best beats.” The relative intensity of these components was determined with and without a polarizing d.c. simultaneously applied. With no d.c. the observer hears only the second harmonic of the stimulating frequency, but in the presence of a d.c. he hears the fundamental as well. The quantitative relations between the perceived harmonic components and the polarizing current demonstrate that the response of the ear to electrical stimulation follows a square law. On the assumption that the eardrum is moved by electrostatic pressure whenever there is a difference of potential between the eardrum and the inner surface of the middle ear, it is possible to account for the square‐law response, and for certain other aspects of the electrophonic effect. The middle ear appears, therefore, to behave as a condenser receiver. The large amount of distortion which normally prevents an observer from understanding a radio broadcast when the electrical output of a radio receiver is passed directly through his head can be reduced by the application of a polarizing d.c. Under this condition speech and music can be heard with great clarity.

On Sound Localization

Hans Wallach

J. Acoust. Soc. Am. Volume 10, Issue 4, pp. 270-274 (1939); (5 pages) | Cited 6 times

Online Publication Date: 15 Jun 2005

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Abstract Unavailable

The Multitone

W. L. Barrow

J. Acoust. Soc. Am. Volume 10, Issue 4, pp. 275-279 (1939); (5 pages)

Online Publication Date: 15 Jun 2005

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A new sound source, which has been termed a “multitone,” for space‐acoustic measurements is described. It provides a plurality of equi‐amplitude tones spaced equally in frequency over a given frequency band. A generator for it is described that employs shock excitation and has no vacuum tubes. Disk recordings are provided to secure a series of multitones of different mean frequencies but of constant ratio of band width to mean frequency.

The Absorption of Sound by Vibrating Plates Backed with an Air Space

Robert Rogers

J. Acoust. Soc. Am. Volume 10, Issue 4, pp. 280-287 (1939); (8 pages)

Online Publication Date: 15 Jun 2005

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A Theoretical Determination of Sound Absorptivities by the Impedance Method with Experimental Verification

H. A. Leedy

J. Acoust. Soc. Am. Volume 10, Issue 4, pp. 288-292 (1939); (5 pages)

Online Publication Date: 15 Jun 2005

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Comparison of Sound Absorption Coefficients Obtained by Different Methods

F. J. Willig

J. Acoust. Soc. Am. Volume 10, Issue 4, pp. 293-299 (1939); (7 pages)

Online Publication Date: 15 Jun 2005

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A Reverberation‐Time Scale for High Speed Level Recorders

Keron C. Morrical

J. Acoust. Soc. Am. Volume 10, Issue 4, pp. 300-301 (1939); (2 pages)

Online Publication Date: 15 Jun 2005

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Reverberation‐Time Meter

William M. Hall

J. Acoust. Soc. Am. Volume 10, Issue 4, pp. 302-304 (1939); (3 pages)

Online Publication Date: 15 Jun 2005

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Multiple Coil, Multiple Cone Loudspeakers

Harry F. Olson

J. Acoust. Soc. Am. Volume 10, Issue 4, pp. 305-312 (1939); (8 pages)

Online Publication Date: 15 Jun 2005

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A consideration of the direct radiator loudspeaker shows that to obtain uniform response, relatively high efficiency and adequate power handling capacity over a wide range requires a large diameter, rugged diaphragm and heavy coil at the lower frequencies and a relatively light weight vibrating system at the higher frequencies. This paper describes a number of direct radiator loudspeaker systems which satisfy these requirements: the double coil, single cone loudspeaker; the single coil, multiple cone loudspeaker; the double coil, double cone loudspeaker; the multiple coil, multiple cone loudspeaker.

Velocity of Sound in Air

W. H. Pielemeier

J. Acoust. Soc. Am. Volume 10, Issue 4, pp. 313-317 (1939); (5 pages) | Cited 1 time

Online Publication Date: 15 Jun 2005

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Determinations by capable investigators of the velocity of sound in dry air at 0°C range from 330.6 to 331.9 m/sec. Miller's value (331.36±0.08) m/sec. is probably the best for low frequency (explosive) sounds. Part of this range of values may be due to dispersion. The CO2 and the O2 contents of air are sensitive to water vapor in this respect. The dispersion in air manifests itself as a small excess over the velocity values calculated for given humidities and temperatures by means of Miller′s classical formula. These calculated values of V for a given temperature are approximately a linear function of the vapor pressure. These and the observed values are plotted. Other curves show how the dispersion frequencies in CO2 and O2 depend on the humidity. The “observed” value of V0, the velocity of sound in dry air at 0°C, calculated from measurements at a given frequency and humidity by Miller′s formula depends somewhat on these existing conditions.

Mechanical and Electrical Analogies of the Acoustical Path

Harold L. Saxton

J. Acoust. Soc. Am. Volume 10, Issue 4, pp. 318-323 (1939); (6 pages) | Cited 1 time

Online Publication Date: 15 Jun 2005

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The infinite acoustical path is treated as a smooth mechanical transmission line, using Firestone's method of drawing schematic diagrams. The method is adopted of translating thermodynamical, hydrodynamical and collision processes into purely mechanical terms by solving for the circuit elements from their definitions. When representative T sections have been obtained for paths having successive single causes of sound absorption, these are compounded into a T section for the case where all these causes of absorption are present. The electrical analogy follows at once from the mechanical. Input mobilities and complex velocities for the several cases are derived.

Reversed Speech

E. W. Kellogg

J. Acoust. Soc. Am. Volume 10, Issue 4, pp. 324-326 (1939); (3 pages)

Online Publication Date: 15 Jun 2005

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Recording sound and then reproducing it with the rotation of the record reversed is not only a means of amusement, but serves to throw some light on our habits of speech, particularly if one tries reversing the order of the original pronunciation, so that the reproduced sound may be actual words. Some of the writer's observations are given in the paper.

The Sounds of Bells

Jan Arts

J. Acoust. Soc. Am. Volume 10, Issue 4, pp. 327-329 (1939); (3 pages)

Online Publication Date: 15 Jun 2005

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